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Fear Of The Dark Lyrics

I am a man who walks alone
And when I'm walking a dark road
At night or strolling through the park

When the light begins to change
I sometimes feel a little strange
A little anxious when it's dark.

Fear of the dark,fear of the dark
I have constant fear that something's always near
Fear of the dark,fear of the dark
I have a phobia that someone's always there

Have you run your fingers down the wall
And have you felt your neck skin crawl
When you're searching for the light ?
Sometimes when you're scared to take a look
At the corner of the room
You've sensed that something's watching you.

Have you ever been alone at night
Thought you heard footsteps behind
And turned around and no-one's there ?
And as you quicken up your pace
You find it hard to look again
Because you're sure there's someone there

Watching horror films the night before
Debating witches and folklore
The unknown troubles on your mind
Maybe your mind is playing tricks
You sense,and suddenly eyes fix
On dancing shadows from behind.

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark
I have a constant fear, thought you heard
Fear of the dark, fear of the dark
I have a phobia that someone's always there.

When I'm walking a dark road
I am a man who walks alone

Phobias
Although I primarily believe in the cognitive perspective, on the topic of phobias I
find that I favor the behaviorist perspective. The cognitive perspective’s look at the
human mind works well when it comes to rational behaviors, but when faced with the
irrationalities of a phobia, it doesn’t hold its ground. The behaviorist perspective does a much better job of describing why a person might fear something that doesn’t make any sense. The cognitive perspective of psychology describes behavior through the use of schema. Schemas are the mental structures used to permit the classifications and organization of information. They allow a person to adapt to the world by assimilating and accommodating information. A schema can be made so that a person does not have to use any effortful thought, but instead can really on automatic thought. When it comes to rational fears, a cognitive psychologist can say that people have a schema that brings out the fight or flight instinct. However, in an irrational fear, this schema would not activate and the instinct would never exist. When it comes to phobias, cognitive psychology falls short.
I believe that behaviorist psychology can better explain an irrational fear.
Behaviorists believe that everything a person does can be explained as a response to a stimulus. When it comes to a normal, rational fear, the imminent danger would be the
stimulus and the fight or flight instinct would be the response. They could go further to say that the consequence would be survival and that this consequence would negatively reinforce the fight orflight behavior in thatsituation. Negative reinforcement is when an aversive stimulus is avoided or removed. So, in short, because someone escaped the danger, they would be more likely to run if that situation were to reoccur. This doesn’t, however, explain phobias.
Behaviorist psychologist John B. Watson did a study on fear. In this study, he
created an irrational fear of white rats in a young boy whom he called “Little Albert.”
Watson adopted Little Albert for some lab tests. In his lab, he observed two things about the child: first, that he didn’t like loud noises, and second, that he did not fear white lab rats. Watson created a situation where the loud noise was an unconditioned stimulus and the startled behavior of Little Albert was the unconditioned response. He introduced a white rat into the situation as a neutral stimulus. Every time Little Albert would reach for or notice the Lab Rat, Watson would produce a loud noise and startle the child. Eventually after repeated pairing, Watson observed that the startled, fearful behavior produced by the loud noise was carried on to the new conditioned stimulus of the white rat. He had conditioned the child into fearing the white rat. The results of this study can be seen as true in our own phobias.
To better understand this concept, look at the irrational fear of spiders,
arachnophobia. The stimulus/response relationship is there, where the presence of
spiders causes fear in a person. However, in this situation, a behaviorist would argue that the spider is not an unconditioned stimulus, but a conditioned one. Perhaps, when this person was a child, they would see a spider and be interested in it. Naturally, they would want to observe the creature from a closer point. When they start moving towards it, their parents may yell at and startle the child. While they may only be looking outfortheir child’s health and safety, they create a fear ofthis child. The initial stimulus wouldbe the yelling and the response would be the startled child. With repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus of the spider becomes a conditioned stimulus. Now, whenever the child sees a spider, they respond in fear.
Phobias can easily be explained as being a conditioned stimulus that creates an
irrational fear. With a normal fear, the danger brings about the fight or flight instinct.
With the repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus, a phobia is created. While the cognitive
theory can explain many other things in psychology, I believe that it cannot sufficiently
explain these irrational fears. In this one topic, I believe behaviorist psychology is the

better perspective.

Essay on Phobias of Animals and the Natural Environment

While the reason for fearing certain animals lies in their dangerousness (e.g., sharks, lions, crocodiles), many dangerous animals are not objects of an animal phobia. This is because most people afraid of these animals are not impaired by such fear (e.g., they simply avoid places where they might encounter dangerous animals). Indeed, patients with animal phobia are usually afraid of animals such as snakes, dogs, cats, spiders and other insects, rats, and mice. Only a minority of these animals is dangerous, so factors other than danger seem to be more important in determining whether particular animals will be feared and avoided to the extent characteristic of a phobia. The most important of these factors is a feeling of disgust elicited by some animals.

It has been argued that with animals such as spiders, the main underlying issue is a feeling of disgust rather than a perception of danger, considering that only 0.1% of all the varieties of spiders are dangerous to humans.

The universal nature of the feeling of disgust probably accounts for the finding that disgust-relevant animals (e.g., spiders, cockroaches, worms) are feared to the same or very similar extent in different countries, even countries where contacts with some of these animals are unlikely. Animal phobias typically have an onset in childhood and are more common among women.

This is a heterogeneous group of phobias, which includes phobias of heights (acrophobia), water, storms, and thunder and/or lightning. It appears that in many patients with phobias from this group, particularly patients with phobias of heights and water, there is no history of contact or traumatic experience with the phobic stimuli prior to the onset of the phobia. This finding suggests that such phobias may have an ''innate,'' survival-relevant character.

The age of onset of natural environment phobias varies, but in many cases it is early. The main underlying theme in this subtype of phobia is the danger associated with phobic stimuli. That is, patients with the phobia of heights are typically afraid of falling off, whereas those with the water phobia are afraid of drowning.

References:

1. Mataix-Cols D, Rauch SL, Manzo PA, et al. 1999. Use of factor-analyzed symptom dimensions to predict outcome with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and placebo in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156: 1409--1416.

2. O'Sullivan G, Noshirvani H, Marks I, et al. 1991. Six year follow-up after exposure and clomipramine therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52: 150--155.

3. Stravynski A, Marks I, Yule W. 1982. Social skills problems in neurotic outpatients: Social skills training with and without cognitive modification. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39: 1378--1385.

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Fear Of The Dark Lyrics

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Essay on Phobias of Animals and the Natural Environment

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